老年人个性化音乐聆听干预中的聆听者层面审美评估：一个闭环框架

Abstract

Music-listening interventions yield modest average benefits in later life, but substantial heterogeneity remains unexplained. Existing systems commonly organize music by symptom labels, mood, acoustic features, cultural categories, expert judgment, or preference, and often infer listener response from liking, skips, completion, duration, or mood check-ins. We define listener-level aesthetic appraisal as a person-specific appraisal profile accumulated across listening events and operationalized through event-specific evaluations, distinct from preference, familiarity, autobiographical salience, engagement, exposure, adherence, and therapeutic outcome. For repeated use in personalized music-listening interventions, we propose a provisional, low-burden three-item assessment of meaningfulness, emotional or aesthetic resonance, and overall satisfaction. Each item is rated from 0 ("not at all") to 4 ("very much") immediately after listening. Direct appraisal measurement is intended for listeners able to provide interpretable self-report, independently or with support; a separate observational care pathway is proposed when such self-report is unavailable, without treating observation as first-person appraisal. We then outline a two-component closed loop comprising a quality-controlled repertoire-side candidate space and a listener-side component with event-specific appraisal, illustrative hierarchical ordinal modelling, Bayesian updating, constrained probabilistic selection, and separate computational and participant-level stopping rules. The framework is illustrative and testable, not a fitted or validated algorithm. We propose prospective tests of incremental predictive value, adaptive versus static matching, and the balance among aesthetic fit, intervention goals, safety, autonomy, consent, and assessment burden.

Keywords

Aesthetic appraisal, Closed-loop framework, Listener feedback, musical emotion, music-listening intervention, older adults, personalized music

Received

27 July 2026

Accepted

21 September 2026

Copyright

© 2026 GUO, WANG and MENG. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

*Correspondence:

Disclaimer

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.