秘鲁有过伴侣女性亲密伴侣暴力与抑郁症状关联：2015–2024年全国调查重复横断面分析

ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Psychol.

Sec. Health Psychology

Volume 17 - 2026 | doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1939992

Reviewed by

2A

2 Anonymous reviewers

ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Psychol.

Sec. Health Psychology

Abstract

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health concern associated with adverse mental health outcomes in women. We examined trends in depressive symptoms and temporal variation in their association with IPV among ever-partnered Peruvian women from 2015 to 2024. Methods: We conducted a repeated cross-sectional analysis using data from ten consecutive national ENDES surveys. The primary weighted analytic sample included 101,145 women aged 15–49 years. Depressive symptoms were defined as a PHQ-9 score ≥10. Survey-weighted prevalence ratios were estimated using modified Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: Overall, 35.3% of women reported any IPV, including physical (28.0%), emotional (24.5%), and sexual IPV (6.1%). The weighted prevalence of depressive symptoms was 7.1%. The estimated annual relative change was +2.31% (95% CI: 1.03%–3.61%; p<0.001), with a non-monotonic annual pattern. Any IPV was associated with higher prevalence of depressive symptoms (aPR: 2.37; 95% CI: 2.18–2.58). Emotional, physical, and sexual IPV were also associated with depressive symptoms (aPRs: 2.32 [95% CI: 2.14–2.53], 2.21 [95% CI: 2.04–2.39], and 1.97 [95% CI: 1.80–2.17], respectively). The association varied across periods: 2015–2019, aPR 2.72; 2020–2021, 1.77; and 2022–2024, 2.29 (p for interaction <0.001). Conclusion: IPV was consistently associated with depressive symptoms, although the magnitude varied over time. These findings support integrated, confidential identification of IPV alongside timely mental health assessment and referral, without establishing the effectiveness of any specific screening strategy.

Keywords

depressive symptoms, intimate partner violence, PHQ-9, SDG 3: Good health and well-being, Women

Received

16 July 2026

Accepted

30 September 2026

Copyright

© 2026 Arce Huamani, Picon-Flores, Fuentes-Cosme, Benites-Pereda, Bezerra de Souza, De La Cruz Ku, Ortiz-Arica, Torres-Roman and Tasayco-Marquez. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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