跳到正文
原文
Frontiers in Psychiatry· Nan Wang·· 2 小时前精选AI 评分62

Frontiers in Psychiatry 网络元分析:传统中式健身功法对大学生心理与体质的比较效果

Network meta-analysis of the effects of traditional Chinese fitness exercises on mental health and physical benefits among college students

AI 导读

一项发表于 Frontiers in Psychiatry 的贝叶斯网络元分析纳入69项RCT、共6065名大学生,比较太极、八段锦、易筋经、五禽戏、六字诀等传统中式健身功法在抑郁、焦虑、体成分与心肺指标上的相对效果。

推荐理由

纳入69项RCT、6065名大学生,按结局给出不同传统功法的相对排名,可供高校运动处方参考。

正文 · AI 翻译

译文尚不完整,完整内容请切换到原文。

摘要

背景:

中国传统健身功法可能有益于大学生的身心健康,但其在不同运动方式和结局之间的比较效果仍不明确。

目的:

比较中国传统健身功法对大学生心理健康、身体成分和心肺结局的影响。

方法:

检索了8个数据库,从建库至2026年9月8日。对符合条件的大学生随机对照试验(RCT)采用RoB 2进行评估,并使用贝叶斯网络meta分析进行综合。

结果:

共纳入69项RCT,涉及6,065名大学生。对于抑郁,太极拳(TC,95.40%)、易筋经(YJJ,85.40%)和八段锦(BDJ,69.23%)排名最高,并有多项显著的成对比较。对于焦虑,TC显著优于空白对照(BC),且排名最高(88.82%)。其他传统功法(OTE,84.53%)、五禽戏(WQX,67.72%)和六字诀+体育干预(LZJ + PI,65.82%)在肺活量(VC)方面排名最高;形意拳(XYQ,82.89%)和马王堆导引术(MWDY,82.07%)在VO2max方面排名最高;OTE(82.52%)和XYQ(78.81%)在台阶试验指数方面排名最高。TC在体脂率(BFR,86.35%)方面排名最高,而LZJ(81.27%)、WQX(72.38%)和PI(65.44%)在体质指数(BMI)方面排名最高。累积排名曲线下面积(SUCRA)排名应与效应量和95% CrI一起解读。

结论:

中国传统健身功法可能提供多维度的益处,其比较优势因结局而异。运动选择应以结局为导向,而不是基于单一普遍最优的运动方式。

系统评价注册:

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view,注册号CRD420261290192。

1 引言

大学生是同时面临抑郁、焦虑和体质下降的高风险人群。从心理健康的角度来看,全球大学生抑郁和焦虑的合并患病率分别为33.6%和39.0%()。因此,心理问题已成为该人群的重要公共卫生问题。与此同时,体质问题同样令人担忧。研究表明,大学一年级学生在第一年平均增重约1.36 kg,而在更长的时间范围内,大学期间的总体重增加约为1.55 kg,体脂率(BFR)增加约1.17%(,)。大学生的总体身体活动和体质水平并不理想()。在中国大学生中,体质水平与心理健康显著相关。较高的体质水平通常与心理问题得分较低相关()。这些证据表明,大学生的心理困扰和体质下降并非彼此独立。相反,它们往往同时发生并相互作用。因此,针对抑郁、焦虑以及体质指数(BMI)、BFR和心肺功能等指标的综合干预评估具有明确的公共卫生意义和实用价值。

运动是改善心理健康、促进身体获益的核心非药物策略。然而,现有关于大学生运动干预的文献存在显著的方法学和临床异质性(,)。近期系统综述报道,运动方式、干预时长、每次运动频率和持续时间、运动强度以及用于评估的心理结局均存在相当大的差异(–)。此外,新出现的剂量–反应证据提示,运动强度和累积运动剂量可能改变心理健康获益的幅度()。这种异质性使得难以将汇总证据直接转化为适用于大学环境的标准化、可重复的运动处方(,–)。与一般有氧或抗阻训练相比,中国传统健身功法整合了身体调节、呼吸控制和意念专注,使其更适合在大学环境中开展低成本、可扩展、身心一体的干预。研究表明,八段锦(BDJ)可以改善大学生的体质、BMI、肺功能,并缓解抑郁和焦虑(–)。太极拳(TC)也可缓解该人群的焦虑和抑郁()。易筋经(YJJ)尤其值得关注。尽管在大学生样本中的高质量随机证据仍相对有限,但现有研究显示,YJJ可以改善情绪相关结局,并增强肺功能、身体活动和健康相关生活质量()。从机制角度看,YJJ将反复的肌肉–肌腱拉伸和协调的全身运动与调节呼吸和持续注意力聚焦相结合。肌肉骨骼部分可能通过反复拉伸和动态负荷改善身体功能。既往证据已显示其对肌肉力量和身体表现具有有益影响()。此外,运动和呼吸的协调可能有助于改善肺功能和运动耐量。随机试验证据显示,YJJ练习后肺功能、身体活动和健康相关生活质量得到改善()。在心理和神经层面,控制呼吸、冥想式注意和运动调节的结合可能促进情绪调节和认知控制。这一解释得到了以下证据的支持:YJJ训练后情绪调节自我效能改善(),以及一项基于脑电图(EEG)的随机试验报告脑功能网络特征发生变化,同时抑郁症状减轻()。这些相互作用的身体、呼吸和心理通路可能为YJJ同时带来心理和身体健康获益提供了合理基础,尽管专门来自健康大学生的机制证据仍然有限。除YJJ外,六字诀(LZJ)、五禽戏(WQX)和马王堆导引术(MWDY)等其他运动也在其他人群中显示出对肺功能、运动能力、身体成分或代谢危险因素的积极影响(–)。尽管现有证据提示中国传统健身功法“总体上可能有效”,但仍不足以回答大学实践中的更关键问题:在不同运动之间,哪种运动更优,以及其优势体现在哪些类型的结局上?

尽管越来越多的证据表明,传统中医健身功法可能对大学生的身心健康均有益处,但现有证据基础仍较为零散()。既往系统评价或是以气功或传统中医心身锻炼作为宽泛的干预类别进行评价(),或是聚焦于单一锻炼方式,如太极拳()或八段锦(),或是主要考察抑郁、焦虑等心理结局(,)。近期也有证据对大学生传统中医心身锻炼的身体健康结局进行了综合()。然而,心理健康结局与身体健康结局通常被分别评价,同时比较多种具体传统中医功法在两大领域效果的证据仍然有限(,)。因此,不同传统中医健身功法在心理与身体领域是否表现出各自特定的结局优势,目前尚不清楚。为此,本研究采用网状Meta分析整合直接与间接证据,系统比较不同功法对大学生抑郁、焦虑、BMI、体脂率(BFR)、肺活量(VC)、最大摄氧量(VO2max)及台阶试验指数的相对效应,从而为高校人群的运动选择与运动处方制定提供更具区分度的证据基础。

2 方法

本研究的设计、实施与报告严格遵循系统评价与Meta分析优先报告条目(PRISMA)声明及其网状Meta分析扩展版(补充文件S1)()。研究方案已在国际系统评价前瞻性注册平台(PROSPERO)前瞻性注册,注册号为CRD420261290192。

2.1 检索策略

检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、CNKI、万方、维普和CBM,检索时间自建库至2026年1月4日。在修回过程中,重新运行原始检索策略以识别新发表或新收录的研究,检索更新至2026年9月8日。检索限定为中英文文献。检索策略结合医学主题词(MeSH)与自由词,并根据不同数据库的检索规则对检索式进行适当调整。检索内容主要包括三部分:研究对象(大学生)、干预措施(传统中医健身功法)和研究设计(随机对照试验(RCT))。中文检索词主要包括“大学生”“太极拳”“八段锦”“易筋经”“五禽戏”“六字诀”“气功”“导引养生功”“传统中医健身功法”和“随机”。英文检索词主要包括“undergraduate”“student*”“Ba Duan Jin”“Baduanjin”“Dao Yin”“Five Animal Frolics”“Liu Zi Jue”“Liuzijue”“qigong”“Tai Chi”“traditional Chinese exercise”“Wu Qin Xi”“Yi Jin Jing”“random*”和“RCT”。此外,追溯纳入文章及相关综述的参考文献列表,以尽量减少潜在遗漏。检索策略详见补充文件S2。

2.2 纳入与排除标准

纳入和排除标准依据人群、干预、对照、结局、研究设计(PICOS)原则制定。纳入的研究需满足以下条件:(1)研究人群:普通大学生,包括本科生、研究生和大学新生;(2)干预:干预组接受中国传统健身功法,包括但不限于TC、BDJ、YJJ、WQX、LZJ和导引养生功(DYYS)。对照组接受空白对照(BC)、心理干预(PI)或常规运动(RE);(3)研究类型:RCT;(4)报告了以下至少一种类型的结局指标:心理健康指标(焦虑、抑郁)、身体成分指标(BMI、BFR)或心肺功能指标(VC、VO2max、台阶试验指数)。

排除标准概述如下:(1)重复发表(保留信息最完整的版本);(2)非RCT,如综述、meta分析、会议摘要、病例报告、动物研究和研究方案;(3)未报告本研究预先指定的结局指标,或数据不完整而无法提取效应量的研究;(4)未以中文或英文发表的研究。

2.3 文献筛选与数据提取

检索到的记录被导入EndNote。两名研究者(N.W.和H.H.)根据预先制定的纳入和排除标准独立进行文献筛选。首先,去除重复记录。然后,检查标题和摘要以排除不符合条件的研究,并进一步审查全文以确定最终纳入的研究。两名研究者之间的任何分歧均通过讨论解决,必要时由第三名研究者(M.D.)裁定。

数据由两名研究者(N.W.和H.H.)独立提取。获取的信息主要包括第一作者、发表年份、国家或地区、基线特征如样本量、性别、研究参与者的年龄或年级、干预类型、持续时间和频率、每次持续时间、对照措施以及相关结局数据。获取的数据录入Microsoft Excel进行整理和核对。对于数据不完整的研究,从正文、表格和补充材料中提取信息。必要时,联系原作者获取相关数据。如果同一研究有多个发表版本,仅纳入信息最完整的版本。

2.4 质量评估

纳入RCT的偏倚风险由两名研究者(M.D.和Y.L.)使用Cochrane偏倚风险工具第2版(RoB 2)独立评估()。评估涵盖五个领域:随机化过程、偏离预期干预、缺失结局数据、结局测量和报告结果的选择。每个领域被判定为“低风险”、“一些担忧”或“高风险”。两名研究者之间的任何分歧均通过讨论和第三名研究者(N.W.)的裁定解决。最终评估结果以偏倚风险图呈现。

2.5 统计分析

统计分析使用 R 和 Stata 进行。对于连续变量,根据结局指标的测量单位是否一致,采用均数差(MD)或标准化均数差(SMD)作为效应量,并报告相应的 95% 可信区间(CrI)()。在贝叶斯框架内进行网状 meta 分析,以综合直接和间接比较证据。首先,使用 Stata 绘制网状图,以展示不同干预措施之间的证据结构()。随后,使用 R 进行模型拟合,迭代 500,000 次,其中前 20,000 次作为预热期。此外,将 Gelman-Rubin 诊断值 < 1.1 设定为链收敛的标准。为确保结果的稳健性,我们通过检查轨迹图和密度图的稳定性来评估网状 meta 分析的收敛性。研究间异质性主要使用研究间后验标准差(τ)和方差(τ²)及其相应的 95% CrI 进行评估。通过比较一致性模型和不一致性模型之间的偏差信息准则(DIC)和残差偏差来评估全局不一致性(,)。使用 GeMTC ANOHE 程序生成的 I² 值仅作为异质性的补充描述性指标,未用于评估网状不一致性。不同运动之间的两两比较以联赛表形式呈现。干预措施排名使用累积排序曲线下面积(SUCRA)进行评估。SUCRA 值越大表示排名越高。然而,这不应等同于真实世界的临床获益。因此,为解释临床意义,还考虑了绝对效应数据,并综合权衡差异大小、效应精确性和可接受性,以避免对“高排名但获益极小”的误读()。此外,生成比较调整漏斗图以评估潜在的小样本效应或发表偏倚()。

3 结果

3.1 文献检索与筛选过程

初步检索获得 4,297 条记录。剔除 895 条重复记录后,剩余 3,402 条记录进行标题和摘要筛选。在初步筛选阶段,排除 3,281 条记录,主要原因是研究设计不恰当、研究人群不符合条件、干预措施不恰当、动物研究、综述或 meta 分析。初步筛选后,共有 121 条记录符合标准。其中,10 条记录无法获取全文,30 条记录与研究目的不符,12 条记录无相关数据。最终纳入 69 项研究。文献筛选流程见 Figure 1。

Figure 1

3.2 纳入研究的基本特征

最终共纳入69项(–,–95)研究,涉及6,065名个体,发表于2007年至2026年。所有研究均在中国进行,涵盖北京、上海、广东、山东、安徽、江苏、山西、湖南、河南、辽宁、湖北、浙江、广西、贵州、四川、江西、重庆、海南、河北和天津等多个省市。所有参与者均为大学生,年龄主要在18至24岁之间。干预措施包括TC、BDJ、YJJ、WQX、LZJ、DYYS及其他传统锻炼(OTE)。对照措施主要为BC、健康教育或PI,以及运动干预。干预持续时间为4至40周,其中8至16周最为常见。纳入研究的基本特征详见表1。

表1

作者/年份国家样本量年龄女性比例干预措施持续时间结局指标
TCTCTCTC
Chen Y/2024 ()中国/贵州505018-2218-2250.050.0MWDYBC12Vomax、maxBMI
Cao J/2018 ()中国/湖北2020////TCRE12BMI、BFR
Cao YS/2012 ()中国/河北808019.41 ± 0.9519.25 ± 7.7737.537.5OTERE12BMI、台阶试验指数、VC
Bi YY/2020 ()中国/安徽3030//66.763.3WQXPI10BMI、台阶试验指数、VC
Zeng SJ/2019 ()中国/广东242320.46 ± 2.0420.65 ± 1.9937.554.2BDJBC12BMI、BFR
Cen JX/2019 ()中国/北京1818//100.0100.0TCBC16抑郁
Chen X/2022 ()中国/上海181922.44 ± 3.2021.98 ± 3.3150.052.6BDJBC8焦虑、抑郁
Chen YR/2018 ()中国/海南303020.13 ± 1.1120.13 ± 1.1150.050.0TCBC12BMI、VC
Cheng X/2016 ()中国/重庆141421.2 ± 1.220.9 ± 1.650.050.0WQXBC12BDI-Y、抑郁
Dou YT/2019 ()中国/北京202020.10 ± 2.2720.06 ± 2.01100.0100.0TCBC16BMI、BFR、台阶试验指数、VC
Du XX/2016 ()中国/山西202020.08 ± 2.1619.21 ± 2.04100.0100.0TCBC12BMI、BFR、台阶试验指数、VC
Hang B/2008 ()中国/北京323218.618.4100.0100.0TCRE14BDI-Y
He SC/2021 ()中国/广东34C1 = 33/C2 = 3319.40 ± 1.50C1 = 19.47 ± 1.22/C2 = 19.70 ± 1.21//TCC1=RE/C2BC12BMI、VOmax、BFR
Jia SY2008 ()中国/浙江121220.38 ± 0.7220.92 ± 1.61//TCOTE12VOmax
Jiao XX/2021 ()中国/安徽404020.0 ± 1.320.0 ± 1.3//WQXRE16抑郁、焦虑、BMI、VC、台阶试验指数
Jing JH/2013 (46)中国/山西40C1 = 40/C2 = 4019-25C1 = 19-25/C2 = 19-25//LZJC1=BDJ/C2=BC24BMI、台阶试验指数
Ke XJ/2019 (47)中国/浙江201719.4 ± 0.519.5 ± 0.6100.0100.0BDJBC10焦虑、抑郁
Li CX/2014 (48)中国/湖南2020//60.060.0BDJBC40抑郁
Li K/2023 (49)中国/重庆242418-2618-26100.0100.0WQXPI12Depression-24、STDS-Y、抑郁、焦虑
Li Q/2024 (50)中国/湖北252517.68 ± 0.6917.72 ± 0.7476.068.0YJJBC8抑郁、BDI-Y
Liu C/2016 (51)中国/北京3028212053.335.7OTEBC4BMI、VC
Liu YJ/2013 (52)中国/四川3636////YJJTC8抑郁、SDS
Lu MF/2023 (53)中国/江苏151520.67 ± 0.9021.00 ± 0.97100.0100.0TCBC12BMI
Mao HN/2008 (54)中国/山西525218—2018—20100.0100.0TCBC18焦虑、抑郁
Meng B/2023 (55)中国/北京2020////BDJBC12抑郁、抑郁、焦虑
Min Y/202 (56)4中国/哈尔滨353520.47 ± 0.9920.27 ± 1.25//YJJRE6BMI、VC
Niu W/2011 (57)中国/辽宁6465//48.450.8BDJBC12BMI、台阶试验指数、VC
Pei Y/2018 (58)中国/江苏252418-2518-25100.0100.0BDJYJJ12焦虑、抑郁、VC
Qin Y/2011 (59)中国/上海545418-2118-2175.972.2OTE/12BMI
Wang QY/2017 (60)中国/广西1515//0.00.0TCOTE12VO2max/kg
Wang L/2021 (61)中国/安徽3030//100.0100.0TCRE12BMI、BFR、台阶试验指数、VC
Wei QB/2017 (62)中国/江苏6060////YJJBC12抑郁、焦虑、VC、台阶试验指数
Wang M/2020p63[中国/安徽3030////WQXBC24抑郁
WEI JJ/2007 (64)中国/北京131221.62 ± 1.4521.58 ± 1.440.00.0TCRE8BMI、VO2max、BFR、VC
Yan J/2019 (65)中国/北京363618-2518-25//OTEBC12焦虑
Yang YQ/2021 (66)中国/山东20C1 = 20/C2 = 20////TCC1=RE/C2=BC8抑郁
Yao L/2014 (67)中国/上海1515////LZJ+PIPI24抑郁、VC
Yu ZS/2017 (68)中国/江西232318-2318-23100.0100.0BDJBC16BMI
Zhang DW/2023 (69)中国/天津343419.46 ± 0.6819.54 ± 0.730.00.0BDJBC8BMI、BFR
Zhang G/2019 (70)中国/山西4642////BDJBC9BFR、VC
Zhang YZ/2021 (71)中国/山西3030////BDJBC8SAS、SDS
Zhang Y/2025 (72)中国/天津202018-2218-22//BDJRE8BMI、BFR
Jiang J/2024 (73)中国/湖南4040////WQXBC12抑郁、焦虑
Li W/2015 (74)中国/山东18018018.75 ± 1.0518.75 ± 1.0650.050.0WQXRE18BMI、VC、抑郁、焦虑
Tan ZG/2020 (75)中国/湖南3535////BDJBC18抑郁、VC
Wang YN/2022 (76)中国/广西4040BDJRE12抑郁、焦虑、BMI、VC
Wei L/2024 (77)中国/广东767619-2119-21总38.16总38.16BDJBC18抑郁
Guo TR/2021 (78)中国/辽宁3030////BDJBC12抑郁、焦虑
Jiang Y/2020 (79)中国/安徽454519.31 ± 1.0719.25 ± 1.1362.262.2WQXPI10VC
Li JQ/2025 (80)中国/天津15C1 = 15/C2 = 1522.73 ± 1.75C1 = 21.4 ± 2.03/C2 = 21.73 ± 2.0560.0C1 = 66.67/C2 = 73.33BDJC1=RE/C2 = 7BC12抑郁、焦虑
Li T/2021 (81)中国/山西4040//0.00.0XYQBC16BMI、抑郁、焦虑、VOmax、VC
Liu S/2021 (82)中国/河南3224////BDJBC8VC、台阶试验指数
Liu Y/2024 (83)中国/山东313119-2119-2148.448.4BDJBC12BMI、VC
Liu AL/2012 (84)中国/河南3030////BDJBC10VC
Wang ZB/2024 (85)中国/上海282618.93 ± 0.5418.96 ± 0.720.80.9BDJBC12抑郁、焦虑
Zhao XD/2018 (86)中国/北京3030////DYYS12抑郁、焦虑
Kong YM/2025 (87)中国/山东302718-2418-2453.351.9TCBC8抑郁、焦虑
Li M/2015 ()中国/福建10110520.63 ± 1.0320.92 ± 1.1585.180.0BDJBC12台阶试验指数、VC
Sun J/2025 (88)中国/上海474118.28 ± 0.9719.34 ± 1.0438.346.3TCBC16BMI、VC、SDS、HAMA
Wen N/2024 ()中国/上海563719.66 ± 0.7919.49 ± 0.99//BDJBC12BMI、BFR
Xu Y/2025 (89)中国/山东212218.48 ± 0.6818.27 ± 0.770.20.1TCRE12VO2max
Xu ZK/2025 (90)中国/天津606020.6 ± 2.220.3 ± 2.433.031.8TCBC12抑郁、焦虑
Ye Y/ (91)中国/广东615718.9 ± 1.0218.8 ± 0.9991.894.7BDJBC12BMI、台阶试验指数、BFR、VC
Zhang J/2023 ()中国/山东9924.20 ± 4.0722.50 ± 5.9577.866.7TCBC8抑郁、焦虑
Zhang Y/2023 ()中国/辽宁343919.16 ± 1.0519.23 ± 0.98//BDJBC12BMI、VC、抑郁、焦虑
Zheng G/2015 (92)中国/福建9510320.7 ± 1.120.6 ± 1.265.368.9TCBC16台阶试验指数、VC
Zhao XM/2024 (93)中国/河南303019-2219-22100.0100.0BDJRE16抑郁、焦虑
Xu K/2026 (94)中国/山东15350////TCBC8抑郁、焦虑
Zhang J/2025 (95)中国/重庆59C1 = 56/C2 = 58//66.1C1 = 71.4/
C2 = 67.2
BDJC1=WQX/C2=BC13抑郁、焦虑

基线特征。

3.3 纳入研究方法学质量评价结果

对69项纳入研究进行了偏倚风险评估(图 2)。在随机化过程方面,17项研究被判定为低风险,47项存在一些担忧,3项为高风险。高风险主要源于随机分配方法不明确、分组过程中可能存在非随机因素,或分配隐藏报告不充分,导致基线可比性和随机化真实性存在相当大的不确定性。关于偏离预期干预,58项研究为低风险,6项存在一些担忧,3项为高风险。高风险主要与干预实施程序报告不充分、依从性或共同干预的控制不明确,以及参与者或实施者知晓分组分配可能影响干预实施有关。在结局数据缺失方面,61项研究为低风险,4项存在一些担忧,2项为高风险。高风险主要由于存在脱落或缺失数据、未充分解释缺失原因、缺失数据比例或处理方法,以及因此难以确定缺失是否与真实结局相关。在结局测量方面,35项研究为低风险,20项存在一些担忧,12项为高风险。高风险主要涉及使用焦虑和抑郁等主观量表测量的结局。一些研究未实施盲法或未报告结局评估者是否知晓分组分配。因此,结局评估可能受到对干预或测量过程的期望的影响。在报告结果的选择方面,12项研究为低风险,55项存在一些担忧,无研究为高风险。总体评估显示,46项研究存在一些担忧,15项为高风险,6项为低风险。纳入研究的方法学质量总体为中等,主要局限性集中在随机化过程、结局测量和报告结果的选择方面。

图 2

3.4 网络荟萃分析结果

3.4.1 一致性检验

在本研究中,采用DIC比较一致性模型与非一致性模型(补充表S1)(96,97)。观察到的ΔDIC值均低于阈值:BMI(1.11)、BFR(2.7)、VC(3.4)、VO2max(0.5)、台阶试验指数(0)、焦虑(3.54)和抑郁(0.38)。因此,所有主要网络meta分析均选择一致性模型。贝叶斯随机效应模型显示,对于抑郁,研究间标准差的后验中位数为τ = 3.00(95% CrI:2.19至4.14),相应的研究间方差为τ² = 8.82(95% CrI:4.78至17.11)。对于焦虑,相应值为τ = 1.04(95% CrI:0.11至2.68)和τ² = 1.08(95% CrI:0.01至7.19)。对于BMI,相应值为τ = 0.98(95% CrI:0.62至1.55)和τ² = 0.97(95% CrI:0.39至2.40)。对于VC,相应值为τ = 219.95(95% CrI:148.62至334.75)和τ² = 48,379.21(95% CrI:22,086.84至112,060.53)。对于台阶试验指数,相应值为τ = 3.58(95% CrI:1.70至7.50)和τ² = 12.83(95% CrI:2.89至56.27)。对于BFR,相应值为τ = 0.91(95% CrI:0.06至2.59)和τ² = 0.84(95% CrI:0.003至6.67)。对于VO2max,相应值为τ = 1.24(95% CrI:0.05至4.51)和τ² = 1.53(95% CrI:0.002至20.35)。研究间异质性程度及其估计精度因结局而异。焦虑、台阶试验指数、BFR和VO2max的95% CrI相对较宽,表明异质性参数的估计存在相当大的不确定性。通过I²统计量评估的异质性水平详见补充文件S3。

3.4.2 网络图

纳入的69项研究涵盖了12种不同的干预措施。不同干预措施之间的网络结构图见图 3。图中,线条的粗细与每对比较的研究数量成正比,圆圈的直径与每种干预措施纳入的个体数量成正比。

图 3

3.5 心理指标

36项研究提供了抑郁水平的数据。根据联赛表,与BC相比,BDJ(MD = 2.80,95% CrI:1.12,4.64)、TC(MD = 5.72,95% CrI:3.48,8.11)和YJJ(MD = 4.55,95% CrI:1.80,7.41)在缓解抑郁方面显示出显著更大的效果(表 2)。相对于PI,BDJ(MD = 5.28,95% CrI:0.87,9.88)、TC(MD = 8.20,95% CrI:3.47,13.15)、WQX(MD = 3.57,95% CrI:0.01,7.20)和YJJ(MD = 7.02,95% CrI:1.98,12.22)在缓解抑郁方面也表现出更优的效果。此外,TC显示出比BDJ(MD = 2.92,95% CrI:0.16,5.67)、RE(MD = 4.07,95% CrI:1.05,7.14)和WQX(MD = 4.63,95% CrI:1.48,7.90)显著更大的效果。基于SUCRA结果,TC(95.40%)、YJJ(85.40%)和BDJ(69.23%)可能是三种最有效的运动(补充表S2;图 4A)。

表 2

BCBDJDYYSLZJ _ PIPIRETCWQXXYQYJJ
2.8
(1.12, 4.64)
BDJ
0.25
(-5.81, 6.32)
-2.54
(-8.97, 3.68)
DYYS
-0.03
(-7.65, 7.5)
-2.83
(-10.63, 4.72)
-0.26
(-9.97, 9.4)
LZJ_PI
-2.48
(-6.79, 1.84)
-5.28
(-9.88, -0.87)
-2.73
(-10.21, 4.7)
-2.45
(-8.64, 3.81)
PI
1.65
(-0.78, 4.21)
-1.14
(-3.69, 1.32)
1.41
(-5.11, 8.04)
1.68
(-5.94, 9.52)
4.13
(-0.39, 8.81)
RE
5.72
(3.48, 8.11)
2.92
(0.16, 5.67)
5.47
(-0.93, 12.05)
5.73
(-2, 13.78)
8.2
(3.47, 13.15)
4.07
(1.05, 7.14)
TC
1.1
(-1.26, 3.51)
-1.7
(-4.49, 0.95)
0.85
(-5.66, 7.41)
1.13
(-6.02, 8.37)
3.57
(0.01, 7.2)
-0.56
(-3.46, 2.26)
-4.63
(-7.9, -1.48)
WQX
0.25
(-5.79, 6.29)
-2.54
(-8.95, 3.65)
0
(-8.62, 8.56)
0.28
(-9.42, 9.99)
2.73
(-4.73, 10.18)
-1.4
(-8.01, 5.08)
-5.47
(-12.05, 0.9)
-0.84
(-7.39, 5.61)
XYQ
4.55
(1.8, 7.41)
1.75
(-1.39, 4.82)
4.3
(-2.32, 11.03)
4.58
(-3.34, 12.72)
7.02
(1.98, 12.22)
2.89
(-0.7, 6.5)
-1.17
(-4.36, 1.96)
3.45
(-0.14, 7.12)
4.3
(-2.31, 11.04)
YJJ

抑郁的联赛表。

图 4

二十五项研究报告了焦虑水平。根据联赛表,TC在缓解焦虑方面显示出显著优于BC的效果(MD = 1.70,95% CrI:0.12,4.35),而其余两两比较的95% CrI通常包含零(表 3)。这些发现表明,尽管TC相较于BC表现出显著优势,但大多数积极干预措施之间的相对效果仍不确定。根据SUCRA值,TC(88.82%)、YJJ(59.78%)和BDJ(56.78%)可能是三种最优的运动方式(补充表S2;图 4B)。

表 3

BCBDJDYYSOTEPIRETCWQXXYQYJJ
0.29
(-0.45, 1.64)
BDJ
0.16
(-2.76, 3.09)
-0.1
(-3.55, 2.66)
DYYS
0.15
(-5.42, 5.64)
-0.25
(-5.98, 5.28)
-0.02
(-6.19, 6.11)
OTE
0.07
(-3.49, 3.3)
-0.2
(-4.12, 2.72)
-0.09
(-4.76, 4.19)
-0.13
(-6.56, 6.21)
PI
-0.28
(-2.91, 1.46)
-0.62
(-3.46, 0.87)
-0.42
(-4.56, 2.75)
-0.57
(-6.6, 5.23)
-0.32
(-4.07, 2.78)
RE
1.7
(0.12, 4.35)
1.21
(-0.17, 4.01)
1.25
(-0.96, 5.88)
1.55
(-4.14, 7.96)
1.37
(-1.12, 6.58)
2
(0, 6.19)
TC
0.06
(-1.87, 1.63)
-0.24
(-2.51, 1.09)
-0.1
(-3.7, 3.12)
-0.14
(-5.93, 5.6)
-0.01
(-2.91, 2.9)
0.31
(-1.18, 2.43)
-1.58
(-5.25, 0.14)
WQX
0.23
(-2.68, 3.16)
-0.02
(-3.46, 2.74)
0.07
(-4.03, 4.22)
0.09
(-6.04, 6.27)
0.16
(-4.11, 4.83)
0.49
(-2.66, 4.64)
-1.18
(-5.81, 1.02)
0.17
(-3.06, 3.76)
XYQ
0.39
(-1.43, 3.28)
0.11
(-2.07, 2.73)
0.21
(-2.97, 4.53)
0.43
(-5.36, 6.61)
0.32
(-3.04, 5.11)
0.73
(-1.54, 4.82)
-0.89
(-4.57, 1.21)
0.36
(-1.86, 3.92)
0.14
(-3.06, 4.44)
YJJ

焦虑的联赛表。

3.6 心肺功能

二十八项研究考察了VC。联赛表显示,BDJ相较于BC显著改善了VC(MD= −243.96,95% CrI:−398.66,−85.79),WQX也显示出优于PI的显著优势(MD= −500.67,95% CrI:−901.22,−101.05)。其他两两比较均未显示出统计学显著差异(表 4)。SUCRA结果表明,OTE(84.53%)、WQX(67.72%)和LZJ+PI(65.82%)可能是三种最有效的运动方式(补充表S2;图 4C)。

表 4

BCBDJLZJ _ PIOTEPIRECWQXXYQYJJ
-243.96
(-398.66, -85.79)
BDJ
-333.86
(-1220.25, 565.12)
-89.54
(-983.59, 812.06)
LZJPI
-445.19
(-874.44, 3.24)
-201.25
(-647.64, 262.33)
-112.19
(-1059.84, 837.27)
OTE
216.04
(-382.28, 827.41)
459.56
(-142.97, 1077.48)
549.76
(-109.22, 1207.4)
662.22
(-26.34, 1335.93)
PI
-125.96
(-397.24, 153.25)
117.62
(-167.77, 410.51)
208.62
(-647.04, 1052.84)
320.29
(-103.99, 726.42)
-342.39
(-884.09, 194.45)
RE
-157.21
(-379.91, 73.29)
86.63
(-175.72, 356.04)
177.22
(-718.33, 1064.58)
288.17
(-180.92, 741.36)
-373.98
(-982.69, 228.27)
-31.36
(-311.16, 248.27)
TC
-284.49
(-729.21, 175.82)
-40.24
(-495.51, 427.37)
49.4
(-721.05, 819.92)
161.66
(-394.08, 705.69)
-500.67
(-901.22, -101.05)
-158.33
(-515.94, 205.21)
-126.92
(-578.62, 330.49)
WQX
-0.73
(-462.41, 458.99)
243.52
(-246.05, 728.05)
333.86
(-683.57, 1326.72)
445.03
(-206.19, 1068.39)
-216.09
(-987.03, 533.95)
125.24
(-420.08, 657.11)
156.79
(-363.17, 663.35)
283.69
(-372, 919.29)
XYQ
-238.2
(-590.49, 119.92)
5.6
(-355.56, 371.7)
94.46
(-831.77, 1020.67)
207.48
(-326.94, 723.31)
-455.38
(-1105.79, 192.6)
-112.3
(-481.63, 253.68)
-81.39
(-476.86, 313.48)
45.71
(-471.36, 558.08)
-237.84
(-814.46, 347.33)
YJJ

肺活量的联赛表。

六项研究提供了VO2max的数据。联赛表表明,MWDY(MD= −5.09,95% CrI:−9.71,−0.37)和形意拳(XYQ)(MD= −5.18,95% CrI:−9.92,−0.42)均显著优于BC。其他两两差异均无统计学显著性(表 5)。SUCRA结果表明,XYQ(82.89%)、MWDY(82.07%)和RE(56.12%)可能是三种最佳运动方式(补充表S2和图 4D)。

表 5

BCMWDYOTERETCXYQ
-5.09 (-9.71, -0.37)MWDY
-0.76 (-6.26, 4.73)4.33 (-2.96, 11.5)OTE
-2.62 (-7.04, 1.76)2.48 (-4, 8.78)-1.84 (-6.5, 2.71)RE
-1.85 (-6.27, 2.51)3.22 (-3.21, 9.55)-1.09 (-4.43, 2.24)0.74 (-2.41, 3.98)TC
-5.18 (-9.92, -0.42)-0.1 (-6.77, 6.48)-4.44 (-11.67, 2.87)-2.59 (-9.01, 3.93)-3.34 (-9.72, 3.12)XYQ

VO2 max的联赛表。

十三项研究评估了台阶试验指数。联赛表显示,仅OTE相较于BC表现出显著优势(MD= −14.25,95% CrI:−28.28,−0.16),而所有其他两两比较均未达到统计学显著性(表 6)。根据SUCRA值,OTE(82.52%)、XYQ(78.81%)和PI(73.88%)可能是三种最优的运动方式(补充表S2和图 4E)。

表 6

BCBDJLZJOTEPIRETCWQXYJJ
-3.02
(-6.97, 1.05)
BDJ
-2.68
(-10.62, 5.37)
0.35
(-7.7, 8.29)
LZJ
-14.25
(-28.28, -0.16)
-11.22
(-25.88, 3.42)
-11.59
(-27.7, 4.59)
OTE
-12.97
(-29.66, 3.88)
-9.97
(-27.19, 7.31)
-10.29
(-28.91, 8.32)
1.29
(-14.22, 16.78)
PI
-10.43
(-21.39, 0.69)
-7.41
(-19.13, 4.33)
-7.77
(-21.39, 5.9)
3.83
(-4.98, 12.64)
2.53
(-10.12, 15.25)
RE
-5.07
(-10.42, 0.34)
-2.06
(-8.76, 4.61)
-2.41
(-12.06, 7.22)
9.16
(-3.86, 22.24)
7.92
(-8.07, 23.81)
5.36
(-4.23, 14.97)
TC
-13.38
(-27.34, 0.69)
-10.37
(-24.93, 4.21)
-10.71
(-26.86, 5.53)
0.87
(-11.54, 13.32)
-0.42
(-9.65, 8.85)
-2.94
(-11.7, 5.79)
-8.32
(-21.26, 4.61)
WQX
-6.88
(-15.88, 2.19)
-3.85
(-13.73, 5.94)
-4.2
(-16.22, 7.84)
7.38
(-9.34, 24.16)
6.13
(-12.97, 25.12)
3.56
(-10.7, 17.84)
-1.8
(-12.27, 8.73)
6.52
(-10.18, 23.17)
YJJ

台阶试验指数的联赛表。

3.7 身体成分

十三项研究记录了BFR。联赛表反映,仅TC显著优于BC(MD = 2.47,95% CrI:0.22,4.06)。其他两两比较均无统计学显著性(表 7)。SUCRA值表明,TC(86.35%)、RE(54.60%)和BDJ(53.39%)可能是三种最优的运动方式(补充表S2和图 4F)。

表 7

BCBDJRETC
1.4 (-0.11, 2.91)BDJ
1.53 (-1.12, 3.96)0.14 (-2.78, 2.8)RE
2.47 (0.22, 4.06)1.09 (-1.67, 3.08)0.9 (-1.46, 3.14)TC

体脂率的联赛表。

三十项研究提供了BMI数据。根据联赛表,只有BDJ相较于BC显示出显著优势(MD = 0.88,95% CrI:0.14,1.62)。其他两两比较均未达到统计学显著性(表 8)。SUCRA结果显示,LZJ(81.27%)、WQX(72.38%)和PI(65.44%)可能是三种最佳运动(补充表S2和图 4G)。

表 8

BCBDJLZJMWDYOTEPIRETCWQXXYQYJJ
0.88
(0.14, 1.62)
BDJ
1.96
(-0.17, 4.11)
1.09
(-1.06, 3.22)
LZJ
0.46
(-1.77, 2.68)
-0.41
(-2.76, 1.93)
-1.5
(-4.6, 1.59)
MWDY
0.73
(-0.69, 2.12)
-0.15
(-1.72, 1.38)
-1.24
(-3.8, 1.3)
0.26
(-2.38, 2.87)
OTE
1.49
(-1.91, 4.88)
0.62
(-2.81, 4.04)
-0.47
(-4.47, 3.5)
1.03
(-3.02, 5.1)
0.76
(-2.8, 4.35)
PI
0.67
(-0.39, 1.71)
-0.21
(-1.34, 0.9)
-1.29
(-3.64, 1.04)
0.21
(-2.26, 2.66)
-0.06
(-1.55, 1.46)
-0.83
(-4.04, 2.4)
RE
0.7
(-0.17, 1.61)
-0.18
(-1.25, 0.93)
-1.26
(-3.55, 1.05)
0.24
(-2.15, 2.65)
-0.03
(-1.56, 1.58)
-0.8
(-4.16, 2.59)
0.03
(-0.97, 1.08)
TC
1.51
(-0.56, 3.57)
0.63
(-1.47, 2.72)
-0.45
(-3.39, 2.48)
1.05
(-2, 4.08)
0.78
(-1.53, 3.13)
0.01
(-2.69, 2.72)
0.84
(-0.93, 2.62)
0.81
(-1.25, 2.84)
WQX
0.28
(-1.92, 2.48)
-0.60
(-2.92, 1.72)
-1.68
(-4.76, 1.38)
-0.18
(-3.3, 2.95)
-0.45
(-3.05, 2.19)
-1.21
(-5.26, 2.82)
-0.39
(-2.82, 2.06)
-0.42
(-2.81, 1.94)
-1.23
(-4.25, 1.79)
XYQ
0.4
(-2.46, 3.29)
-0.47
(-3.37, 2.44)
-1.56
(-5.11, 2.00)
-0.06
(-3.71, 3.58)
-0.32
(-3.38, 2.77)
-1.09
(-5.28, 3.11)
-0.26
(-2.94, 2.43)
-0.3
(-3.17, 2.57)
-1.1
(-4.31, 2.12)
0.12
(-3.49, 3.77)
YJJ

BMI的联赛表。

3.8 发表偏倚

采用比较调整漏斗图评估各结局指标的潜在小样本效应或发表偏倚。抑郁、焦虑、VC、VO2max、台阶试验指数、BFR和BMI的漏斗图分布总体对称,未观察到显著的小样本效应或发表偏倚(图 5)。

图 5

4 讨论

本研究系统比较了多种中国传统健身运动对大学生心理健康、身体成分和心肺功能多维结局的相对效应。共纳入69项RCT,涉及6,065名大学生。结果表明,中国传统健身运动有可能为大学生身心健康带来多维获益,但优势结局因运动不同而异。对于抑郁,TC、YJJ和BDJ显示出最突出的排名优势,其中TC显著优于BC和若干主动干预。对于焦虑,TC相较于BC显示出显著优势,而大多数主动干预之间的相对效应仍不确定。根据SUCRA排名,TC、YJJ和BDJ排名最高。

在身体成分方面,TC在BFR上显示出更明显的优势,而BDJ在BMI上表现出更显著的优势。在心肺功能方面,BDJ和WQX在VC上呈现一定优势。MWDY和XYQ在VO2max上显示出一定优越性。OTE与XYQ在台阶试验指数上表现出一定优势。总体而言,本研究的核心发现并非确定一种对所有结局均最优的运动,而是揭示不同中国传统健身运动在改善大学生身心健康方面存在结局特异性的优势模式。

在心理健康方面,本研究发现TC、YJJ和BDJ在缓解抑郁方面尤为有效,这与既往关于气功锻炼和传统中医养生功法在大学生中的meta分析结果基本一致(,98)。TC在抑郁方面的SUCRA值最高(95.40%),其次是YJJ(85.40%)和BDJ(69.23%)。TC可能通过“缓慢连续的动作——稳定的呼吸节律——增强前额叶皮层控制——减少对负面情绪的处理”这一路径发挥作用。其重心转移、姿势控制和协调呼吸持续调动本体感觉和执行控制,从而增强前额叶皮层调节负面情绪刺激的能力(,99)。YJJ则更多通过“肌肉-骨骼拉伸——胸腔开合——增强内感受反馈——提高情绪调节自我效能感”这一机制链发挥作用。在这一链条中,拉伸、呼吸和专注的整合将注意力从反刍转向身体觉察,减少紧张和低激活体验(,100)。BDJ遵循“标准化动作——轻度全身负荷——调节自主神经系统和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴——增强自我效能感”的综合路径。其动作易于学习且负荷适中,有利于持续练习。既往研究也支持其对焦虑、抑郁和整体心理健康的积极影响(101,102)。在焦虑方面,TC相较BC具有统计学显著优势,且SUCRA值最高(88.82%),其次是YJJ(59.78%)和BDJ(56.78%)。这一发现与近期证据大致一致,即TC可减轻大学生的焦虑症状(103),也与一项在更广泛成人人群中开展的网状meta分析一致,其中TC在减轻焦虑方面同样排名靠前(104)。然而,若干比较中观察到的CrI相对较宽,表明当前网络的精确度有限,提示需要更多直接的面对面证据。剩余的不确定性还可能受到焦虑症状的时间和情境变异性(105)以及中国大学生常用焦虑量表心理测量学特性差异(106)的影响。综上所述,当前研究结果支持TC作为一种有前景的锻炼方式用于缓解大学生焦虑。然而,现有证据仍不足以断定其优于大多数其他传统中医健身功法。

对于心肺功能,对VC、VO2max和台阶试验指数的有利影响并不一致。这表明传统健身运动对心肺功能的影响具有指标特异性。VC主要反映通气能力、胸廓活动度和呼吸系统功能,更容易受到呼吸配合、开合胸廓和呼吸肌参与的影响(107)。在本研究中,WQX和BDJ在VC方面显示出优势,这可能对应“肢体伸展—开合胸廓—呼吸肌参与—通气能力改善”的路径。据报道,BDJ可改善大学生的VC、柔韧性和身体成分等体质指标(91),而WQX以躯干旋转、下肢支撑和全身协调为特点,更常用于呼吸系统疾病(108)。VO2max反映机体摄取、运输和利用氧气的综合能力,是心肺适能的重要指标(109)。XYQ和MWDY在该指标上显示出优势,这可能与持续动态运动、下肢负荷和循环运输能力增强有关(,)。台阶试验指数同时受到心肺耐力、下肢肌肉耐力和运动后恢复能力的影响。因此,OTE和XYQ观察到的高排序概率可能与整体运动负荷和恢复能力的改善有关。总体而言,不同运动之间心肺指标的差异并不反映相互矛盾的结果,而是运动结构、呼吸参与、下肢负荷和持续运动时间差异的合理体现()。

在身体成分方面,对BFR和BMI的有利效应并不完全一致。这表明这两者不应被视为同一结局。BFR更直接地反映脂肪组织的比例,而BMI仅代表体重与身高的比值,无法区分脂肪量、去脂体重和肌肉量(110)。在本研究中,TC在BFR方面显示出优于BC的显著优势,而BDJ在BMI方面显示出优于BC的显著优势。这些发现表明,不同运动的相对效应可能因所评估的具体身体成分指标而异。TC在BFR方面的有利排名可能与“低姿态控制——持续重心转移——增加静态和动态下肢负荷——调节脂肪代谢”的机制链有关。既往系统综述已表明,TC可以改善BMI、BFR、VC和柔韧性等体适能指标(111、112)。BDJ对BMI的改善可能通过“标准化全身动作——温和持续负荷——提高运动依从性——增强体重管理”的路径来解释。一项针对大学生的RCT也证明了其改善体重状况、BMI、BFR和脂肪量的能力()。LZJ和WQX在BMI改善方面排名较高,但两两比较无统计学显著性。这一发现应被解释为一种趋势的提示。此外,WQX对降低代谢综合征相关危险因素的作用也提示其在体重和代谢调节方面具有潜在价值()。

总之,中国传统健身运动对大学生的心理健康、身体成分和心肺功能具有多维度的潜在益处。然而,不同运动的优势并不集中于单一结局。TC、YJJ和BDJ在缓解抑郁方面显示出相对突出的效果。对于焦虑,TC的排名概率最高,并显示出优于BC的统计学显著优势。TC和BDJ分别在BFR和BMI方面表现出一定优势;BDJ、WQX、MWDY、XYQ和OTE在各项心肺功能指标上表现出差异化益处。应强调的是,除部分具有明确两两比较优势的结局外,其他结果仍主要基于SUCRA值和提示性的趋势证据,不能直接视为确定性推荐。未来研究者应纳入更多预注册、多中心、大样本RCT,加强不同运动之间的直接比较,标准化结局指标和测量方法,并系统报告干预剂量、依从性、不良事件和随访结果。总体而言,中国传统健身运动可作为促进大学生身心健康的重要候选策略。然而,我们不应追求单一最优运动,而应基于具体健康目标进行以结局为导向的精准选择。

声明

数据可用性声明

本研究中呈现的原始贡献已包含在文章/补充材料中。进一步咨询可联系通讯作者。

作者贡献

NW:撰写——初稿、概念化、撰写——审阅与编辑、方法学、经费获取、形式分析、调查、监督。HH:形式分析、撰写——初稿、方法学、调查、撰写——审阅与编辑、监督。MD:形式分析、调查、撰写——审阅与编辑、方法学。YL:调查、撰写——审阅与编辑、形式分析。LL:撰写——审阅与编辑、资源。JZ:概念化、资源、监督、撰写——审阅与编辑。

资助

作者声明本研究及/或其发表获得了资金支持。本研究由博士后科研启动基金(编号 CJ3050A0671771)资助。

利益冲突

作者声明本研究是在不存在任何可被解释为潜在利益冲突的商业或财务关系的情况下开展的。

生成式 AI 声明

作者声明在本稿件的创作过程中未使用生成式 AI。

本文中图表旁提供的任何替代文本(alt text)均由 Frontiers 在人工智能支持下生成,我们已尽合理努力确保其准确性,包括在可能的情况下由作者进行审核。如您发现任何问题,请联系我们。

出版商注

本文中表达的所有主张仅代表作者本人,不一定代表其所属机构,也不一定代表出版商、编辑和审稿人的观点。本文中可能评估的任何产品或其制造商可能提出的任何主张,均不受出版商保证或认可。

补充材料

本文的补充材料可在线获取,网址为:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1921373/full#supplementary-material

参考文献

  • 1

    LiWZhaoZChenDPengYLuZ. 大学生抑郁和焦虑症状的患病率及相关因素:系统综述与荟萃分析。J Child Psychol Psychiatry。(2022) 63:1222–30. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13606

  • 2

    VadeboncoeurCTownsendNFosterC. 大学一年级学生体重增加的荟萃分析:新生 15 磅是神话吗?BMC Obes。(2015) 2:22. doi: 10.1186/s40608-015-0051-7

  • 3

    FedewaMVDasBMEvansEMDishmanRK. 大学生体重和肥胖度的变化:系统综述与荟萃分析。Am J Prev Med。(2014) 47:641–52. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.07.035

  • 4

    KljajevićVStankovićMĐorđevićDTrkulja-PetkovićDJovanovićRPlazibatKet al. 大学生身体活动与体质:一项系统综述。Int J Environ Res Public Health. (2022) 19(1):158. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19010158

  • 5

    HongYShenJHuYGuYBaiZChenYet al. 大学生体质与心理健康之间的关联:一项横断面研究。Front Public Health. (2024) 12:1384035. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1384035

  • 6

    HuangKBeckmanEMNgNDingleGAHanRJamesKet al. 身体活动干预对本科生心理健康的效果:系统综述与荟萃分析。Health Promot Int. (2024) 39(3):daae054. doi: 10.1093/heapro/daae054

  • 7

    DonnellySPennyKKynnM. The effectiveness of physical activity interventions in improving higher education students' mental health: a systematic review. Health Promot Int. (2024) 39(2):daae027. doi: 10.1093/heapro/daae027

  • 8

    ChenPMazalanNSKohDGuY. Effect of exercise intervention on anxiety among college students: a meta-analysis. Front Psychol. (2025) 16:1536295. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1536295

  • 9

    LiJZhouZHaoSZangL. Optimal intensity and dose of exercise to improve university students' mental health: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of 48 randomized controlled trials. Eur J Appl Physiol. (2025) 125:1395–410. doi: 10.1007/s00421-024-05688-9

  • 10

    LiMFangQLiJZhengXTaoJYanXet al. The effect of Chinese traditional exercise-baduanjin on physical and psychological well-being of college students: a randomized controlled trial. PloS One. (2015) 10:e0130544. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130544

  • 11

    ZhangYJiangX. The effect of Baduanjin exercise on the physical and mental health of college students: a randomized controlled trial. Med (Baltimore). (2023) 102:e34897. doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000034897

  • 12

    WenNZhaoFSunSXiongJZhengG. The effect of Baduanjin on body mass and body composition of college students: a randomized controlled trial. Med (Baltimore). (2024) 103:e40393. doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000040393

  • 13

    ZhangJGaoTLiYSongZCuiMWeiQet al. The effect of Bafa Wubu of Tai Chi on college students' anxiety and depression: a randomized, controlled pilot study. Front Physiol. (2023) 14:1036010. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1036010

  • 14

    ZhangMXvGLuoCMengDJiY. Qigong Yi Jinjing promotes pulmonary function, physical activity, quality of life and emotion regulation self-efficacy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pilot study. J Altern Complement Med. (2016) 22:810–7. doi: 10.1089/acm.2015.0224

  • 15

    ZhangXJiangWChenZYangGRenZ. Effects of Yi Jin Jing on enhancing muscle strength and physical performance in older individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne). (2024) 11:1441858. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1441858

  • 16

    XiaoLDuanHLiPWuWShanCLiuX. A systematic review and meta-analysis of Liuzijue in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BMC Complement Med Ther. (2020) 20:308. doi: 10.1186/s12906-020-03104-1

  • 17

    ZouLZhangYSasakiJEYeungASYangLLoprinziPDet al. Wuqinxi Qigong as an alternative exercise for improving risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Environ Res Public Health. (2019) 16(8):1396. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16081396

  • 18

    ZhuZMuhamadASOmarNOoiFKPanXOngMLY. Effects of Mawangdui exercise intervention on the pulmonary function, physical fitness and quality of life in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a randomised controlled trial. Complement Ther Med. (2025) 89:103152. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2025.103152

  • 19

    LinJGaoYFGuoYLiMZhuYYouRet al. Effects of qigong exercise on the physical and mental health of college students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Complement Med Ther. (2022) 22:287. doi: 10.1186/s12906-022-03760-5

  • 20

    QiFSohKGMohd NasirudddinNJMaiY. Effects of taichi on physical and psychological health of college students: a systematic review. Front Physiol. (2022) 13:1008604. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1008604

  • 21

    ChenJGengQXieSZhangQYuL. Effectiveness of Baduanjin exercise for improving the mental health of university students: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Psychol. (2026) 17:1825503. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1825503

  • 22

    SongJLiuZZHuangJWuJSTaoJ. Effects of aerobic exercise, traditional Chinese exercises, and meditation on depressive symptoms of college student: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Med (Baltimore). (2021) 100:e23819. doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000023819

  • 23

    LiHDuZShenSDuWKangJGongD. An RCT-reticulated meta-analysis of six MBE therapies affecting college students' negative psychology. iScience. (2023) 26:107026. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107026

  • 24

    CuiYLiuJJinX. The effects of traditional Chinese mind-body training on physical health in university students: a multilevel meta-analysis. Front Physiol. (2026) 17:1792981. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2026.1792981

  • 25

    HuttonBSalantiGCaldwellDMChaimaniASchmidCHCameronCet al. The PRISMA extension statement for reporting of systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of health care interventions: checklist and explanations. Ann Intern Med. (2015) 162:777–84. doi: 10.7326/m14-2385

  • 26

    SterneJACSavovićJPageMJElbersRGBlencoweNSBoutronIet al. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. Bmj. (2019) 366:l4898. doi: 10.1136/bmj.l4898

  • 27

    HigginsJPTThomasJChandlerJCumpstonMLiTPageMJ. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. In: Cochrane (2024).

  • 28

    ChaimaniAHigginsJPMavridisDSpyridonosPSalantiG. Graphical tools for network meta-analysis in STATA. PloS One. (2013) 8:e76654. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076654

  • 29

    DiasSWeltonNJSuttonAJCaldwellDMLuGAdesAE. Evidence synthesis for decision making 4: inconsistency in networks of evidence based on randomized controlled trials. Med Decis Making. (2013) 33:641–56. doi: 10.1177/0272989x12455847

  • 30

    SalantiGAdesAEIoannidisJP. Graphical methods and numerical summaries for presenting results from multiple-treatment meta-analysis: an overview and tutorial. J Clin Epidemiol. (2011) 64:163–71. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.03.016

  • 31

    ChenYLiXLHuangBY. Analysis and research on the influence of Mawangdui Daoyin Shu on the physical fitness of college students. Contemp Sports Technol. (2024) 14:108–11. doi: 10.16655/j.cnki.2095-2813.2024.13.027

  • 32

    CaoJ. Effects of Tai Chi bone-strengthening exercise on body indicators of overweight and obese male college students. Sport. (2018), 37–38+71. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-151x.2018.16.017

  • 33

    CaoYS. Research on the influence of Nanquan on body shape, physical quality and functional indicators of non-sports-major college students. In: Hebei Normal University. Shijiazhuang: Hebei Normal University (2012).

  • 34

    BiYY. Effects of Wuqinxi on body shape, function and physical quality of students in college health classes. In: Anhui Normal University. Wuhu: Anhui Normal University (2020). doi: 10.26920/d.cnki.gansu.2020.000166

  • 35

    ZengSJ. Research on the effects of health Qigong Baduanjin on body composition and cardiovascular function of college students. In: Guangzhou Sport University. Guangzhou: Guangzhou Sport University (2019).

  • 36

    ChenJXLiYHWuYQSuXY. Effects of Tai Chi exercise on depressive mood and serum inflammatory factors in female college students. Chin J School Health. (2019) 40:1065–8. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.07.029

  • 37

    ChenX. Effects of different exercise modes on individual anxiety and depression. In: Shanghai Normal University. Shanghai: Shanghai Normal University (2022). doi: 10.27312/d.cnki.gshsu.2022.001544

  • 38

    ChenYRYangXD. Research on the influence of Tai Chi practice on the physical fitness of medical college students. Wushu Stud. (2018) 3:54–7. doi: 10.13293/j.cnki.wskx.007480

  • 39

    ChengXWangDMChenXWangWLiuCHeTet al. Health Qigong·Wuqinxi improves proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in college students with mild depression. J South Med Univ. (2016) 36:1468–76. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2016.11.04

  • 40

    DouYT. Research on the effects of 16-week Wu-Style Tai Chi practice on health-related physical fitness of female college students. In: Beijing Sport University. Beijing: Beijing Sport University (2019).

  • 41

    DuXX. Effects of Tai Chi Rouli Ball exercise on physical health of female college students: a case study of Xi'an Physical Education University. New West (Theoretical Edition). (2016), 49–50.

  • 42

    HuangB. Effects of simplified 24-form Tai Chi on depression levels of female college students. In: Beijing Sport University. Beijing: Beijing Sport University (2008).

  • 43

    HeSC. Investigation on the current status of health-related physical fitness of college students and research on the improvement effect of 24-form Tai Chi. In: Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. Guangzhou: Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (2021). doi: 10.27044/d.cnki.ggzzu.2021.001010

  • 44

    JiaSYWangML. Effects of Changquan and Tai Chi practice on cardiopulmonary function of male college students. China Sport Sci Technol. (2008) 44:51–55+78. doi: 10.16470/j.csst.2008.06.012

  • 45

    JiaoXXJiHChenJ. Effects of traditional Wuqinxi on physical fitness and mental health of female college students. Chin J School Health. (2021) 42:1323–7. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.011

  • 46

    JingJHQiuXHQinYXMengQXXiYP. Comparative study of Liuzijue and Baduanjin on physical and mental health of college students. Hubei Sports Sci. (2013) 32:1056–9.

  • 47

    KeXJCuiYSZhangJ. Effects of health Qigong·Baduanjin on psychological characteristics of college students with neck-shoulder syndrome. Chin Manipulation Rehabil Med. (2019) 10:9–11. doi: 10.19787/j.issn.1008-1879.2019.02.005

  • 48

    LiCXTanZGLiuS. Experimental study on Baduanjin exercise in treating depression of college students. Sports Sci Res. (2014) 18:72–5. doi: 10.19715/j.tiyukexueyanjiu.2014.03.017

  • 49

    LiKYangKPZhangSS. Effects of Wuqinxi on psychological status and prefrontal oxygenated hemoglobin in female college students with subthreshold depression. Chin J School Health. (2023) 44:1702–7. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.11.024

  • 50

    LiQ. Research on the intervention effect of Yijinjing on college students with depression. In: Wuhan Sports University. Wuhan: Wuhan Sports University (2024). doi: 10.27384/d.cnki.gwhtc.2024.000350

  • 51

    LiuCZhangDNWangSZhangHBWuHYCaoJet al. Experimental study on the influence of squatting against wall exercise on the physical fitness of healthy college students. Guiding J Tradit Chin Med Pharmacol. (2016) 22:29–32. doi: 10.13862/j.cnki.cn43-1446/r.2016.23.008

  • 52

    LiuYJ. Research on the effects of yijinjing and tai chi on depressive mood of college students. Sichuan Sports Sci. (2013) 32:49–51. doi: 10.13932/j.cnki.sctykx.2013.06.019

  • 53

    LuMF. Effects of tai chi practice on body shape and intestinal probiotics of obese female college students. Sport Leisure. (2023), 19–21.

  • 54

    MaoHNYuanLLuoMH. Effects of tai chi exercise on depression and anxiety levels of female college students. New West (Bimonthly). (2008), 232–199.

  • 55

    MengB. Research on the intervention of baduanjin on mental health of students at minzu university of china. In: Minzu University of China. Beijing: Minzu University of China (2023). doi: 10.27667/d.cnki.gzymu.2023.000431

  • 56

    MinY. Research on the influence of traditional yijinjing on body shape, function and physical quality of students in sports universities. In: Harbin Sport University. Harbin: Harbin Sport University (2024). doi: 10.27771/d.cnki.ghebt.2024.000100

  • 57

    NiuW. Effects of health qigong·baduanjin on physical fitness of college students in general universities. In: Liaoning Normal University. Dalian: Liaoning Normal University (2011).

  • 58

    PeiY. Comparative study of health qigong baduanjin and yijinjing on physical and psychological effects of female college students. In: Nanjing Sport Institute. Nanjing: Nanjing Sport Institute (2018).

  • 59

    QinYYaoFYouYLZhaoY. Effects of 12-week traditional health exercise shaolin neigong on physical fitness of college students. Chin J Sports Med. (2011) 30:948–50. doi: 10.16038/j.1000-6710.2011.10.003

  • 60

    WangQY. Analysis of the influence of changquan and tai chi exercise on cardiopulmonary function of young men. Health Guide. (2017), 75. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6845.2017.12.066

  • 61

    WangL. Effects of aerobics and tai chi on body composition, physical function and psychological indicators of female college students. J Lanzhou Univ Arts Sci (Natural Sci Edition). (2021) 35:88–93. doi: 10.13804/j.cnki.2095-6991.2021.04.017

  • 62

    WeiQBZhaoQWuYC. Research on the regulatory effects of yijinjing on mental health and physical fitness of college students. Shandong J Tradit Chin Med. (2017) 36:654–6. doi: 10.16295/j.cnki.0257-358x.2017.08.009

  • 63

    WangMZhaoQWWuH. Research on the intervention and treatment of hua tuo's wuqinxi on college students with mild psychological problems. J Jinzhou Med Univ (Social Sci Edition). (2020) 18:60–2. doi: 10.13847/j.cnki.lnmu(sse).2020.01.017

  • 64

    WeiJJ. Comparative study of the effects of tai chi and fitness running on cardiopulmonary function of ordinary male college students. In: Beijing Sport University. Beijing: Beijing Sport University (2007).

  • 65

    YanJ. Research on the physiological mechanism of sanyuanshi standing posture improving anxiety state of college students analyzed by heart rate variability. In: Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Beijing: Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (2019). doi: 10.26973/d.cnki.gbjzu.2019.000019

  • 66

    YangYQ. Research on the influence of physical exercise intervention on depression level of college students. In: Shandong Sport University. Jinan: Shandong Sport University (2021). doi: 10.27725/d.cnki.gsdty.2021.000129

  • 67

    YaoLWangZWYangPLTangJ. Research on the sports lifestyle of shanghai college students intervened by liuzijue. China Higher Med Educ. (2014), 30–1.

  • 68

    YuZSYuZDShenJL. Effects of health qigong·baduanjin on lipid metabolism of obese female college students. Contemp Sports Technol. (2017) 7:25–6. doi: 10.16655/j.cnki.2095-2813.2017.04.025

  • 69

    ZhangDWYangXLHanMJGaoLY. Experimental study on the weight-reducing effect of baduanjin on obese male college students. J Tianjin Univ Tradit Chin Med. (2023) 42:175–9. doi: 10.11656/j.issn.1673-9043.2023.02.09

  • 70

    ZhangG. Research on the influence of baduanjin combined with wuqinxi exercise on physical fitness of college students. In: Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine. Inzhong: Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine (2019).

  • 71

    ZhangYZ. Empirical study on the improvement effect of health qigong·baduanjin on depression and anxiety of college students. Wushu Stud. (2021) 6:131–3. doi: 10.13293/j.cnki.wskx.009327

  • 72

    ZhangY. Research on the comprehensive intervention effect of "health qigong·baduanjin" on physical and mental health of college students. In: Tianjin University of Sport. Tianjin: Tianjin University of Sport (2025). doi: 10.27364/d.cnki.gttyy.2025.000243

  • 73

    JiangJPengHOChenXXiangJWenY. Research on the intervention of hua tuo's wuqinxi on medical students with mild psychological problems. New Educ Era. (2024), 157–9. doi: 10.12218/j.issn.2095-4743.2024.14.157

  • 74

    LiW. Evaluation research on the influence of newly compiled health qigong·wuqinxi on physical and mental health of ordinary college students. In: Shandong Sport University. Jinan: Shandong Sport University (2015).

  • 75

    TanZGTanQW. Research on the psychosomatic effects of health qigong baduanjin on college students with depression. Contemp Sports Technol. (2020) 10:182–3. doi: 10.16655/j.cnki.2095-2813.2020.04.182

  • 76

    WangYN. Experimental study on the influence of baduanjin on negative emotions of ordinary college students. In: Nanning Normal University. Nanning: Nanning Normal University (2022). doi: 10.27037/d.cnki.ggxsc.2022.000741

  • 77

    WeiLMinRZhangJWCaiYJ. Experimental study on baduanjin exercise regulating depression and sleep of college students. Contemp Sports Technol. (2024) 14:104–6. doi: 10.16655/j.cnki.2095-2813.2024.17.029

  • 78

    GuoTR. Experimental study on the influence of baduanjin on mental health of college students. Study Sci Eng At RTVU. (2021), 76–8. doi: 10.19469/j.cnki.1003-3297.2021.02.0076

  • 79

    JiangYBiYY. Research on the influence of wuqinxi exercise on cardiopulmonary function of college students in health classes. J Tonghua Normal Univ. (2020) 41:81–4. doi: 10.13877/j.cnki.cn22-1284.2020.06.015

  • 80

    LiJQ. Comparative study on the intervention effects of yoga and baduanjin on sleep disorders of college students. In: Tianjin University of Sport. Tianjin: Tianjin University of Sport (2025). doi: 10.27364/d.cnki.gttyy.2025.000027

  • 81

    LiT. Experimental study on the influence of xingyiquan practice on physical fitness of male college students: a case study of shanxi agricultural university. In: Shanxi Agricultural University. inzhong: Shanxi Agricultural University (2021).

  • 82

    LiuS. Research on the intervention of health qigong·baduanjin on sleep, cardiopulmonary function and emotion of college students with sleep disorders. In: Henan University. Kaifeng: Henan University (2021). doi: 10.27114/d.cnki.ghnau.2021.001386

  • 83

    LiuYWangKJQuQShaRTYuXF. Research on the influence of baduanjin on physical and mental health of medical students based on the theory of "preventive treatment of disease and preventing deterioration of existing disease. Basic Tradit Chin Med. (2024) 3:49–54. doi: 10.20065/j.cnki.btcm.20240200

  • 84

    LiuALLuBQZhengYY. Exploration of baduanjin intervention on sleep and physical fitness of college students. J Henan Univ (Medical Science). (2012) 31:286–9. doi: 10.15991/j.cnki.41-1361/r.2012.04.001

  • 85

    WangZB. Research on the influence of 12-week health qigong·baduanjin practice on heart rate variability and mental health of college students. In: Shanghai University of Sport. Shanghai: Shanghai University of Sport (2024). doi: 10.27315/d.cnki.gstyx.2024.000132

  • 86

    ZhaoXD. Research on the intervention of health qigong·daoyin yangsheng gong twelve methods exercise prescription on mental health of college students. In: Beijing Sport University. Beijing: Beijing Sport University (2018).

  • 87

    KongYGuoXWangY. Effects of three various frequencies of 24-form tai chi on anxiety and depression symptoms in college students. Int J Ment Health Promotion. (2025) 27:1577–94. doi: 10.32604/ijmhp.2025.069985

  • 88

    SunJYaoKZhaoRLiHCicchellaA. Tai chi as a preventive intervention for improving mental and physical health in non-depressed college students with high perceived stress. Front Public Health. (2025) 13:1613384. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1613384

  • 89

    XuYWangFYangLQiaoWZulnaidiHBasarAet al. The effects of tai chi exercise on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in chinese university students with obesity: a quasi experiment study. Sci Rep. (2025) 15:20919. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-06285-2

  • 90

    XuZYaoLGuoQLiuZWuJWangSet al. The impact of tai chi combined with music-assisted intervention on depression and anxiety among college students. Basic Appl Soc Psychol. (2025) 47:290–308. doi: 10.1080/01973533.2025.2494085

  • 91

    YeYZhaoFSunSXiongJZhengG. The effect of baduanjin exercise on health-related physical fitness of college students: a randomized controlled trial. Front Public Health. (2022) 10:965544. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.965544

  • 92

    ZhengGLanXLiMLingKLinHChenLet al. Effectiveness of tai chi on physical and psychological health of college students: results of a randomized controlled trial. PloS One. (2015) 10:e0132605. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132605

  • 93

    ZhaoXNanKXingT. The effects of baduanjin exercise on physical fitness and mental health of female college students. Phys Educ Students. (2024) 28:134–43. doi: 10.15561/20755279.2024.0301

  • 94

    XuKSunZDongDTanZChenJCastagnaCet al. Comparison of the 24-style tai chi intervention based on various promotion approaches on college students' mental health: a randomized controlled trial. PloS One. (2026) 21:e0343808. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0343808

  • 95

    ZhangJ. Evaluation of the intervention effect of baduanjin and wuqinxi on mental health of freshmen. In: Chongqing Medical University. Chongqing: Chongqing Medical University (2025). doi: 10.27674/d.cnki.gcyku.2025.000744

  • 96

    SpiegelhalterDJBestNGCarlinBPVan Der LindeA. Bayesian measures of model complexity and fit. J R Stat Soc Ser B Stat Method. (2002) 64:583–639. doi: 10.1111/1467-9868.00353

  • 97

    DiasSWeltonNJSuttonAJAdesAE. NICE decision support unit technical support documents. In: NICE DSU Technical Support Document 2: A Generalised Linear Modelling Framework for Pairwise and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2014).

  • 98

    ZhangJYLiZXiaoT. Meta-analysis of the effects of traditional chinese medicine health-preserving exercises on anxiety and depressive symptoms in college students. Modern Prev Med. (2021) 48:4324–30.

  • 99

    CuiLShenQQLiuYTChaiQYZhangQYLyuCYet al. Effects of tai chi on executive function under negative emotional stimulation in college students and its brain network mechanism: evidence from graph theory analysis. China Sport Sci Technol. (2026) 62(1):43–64.

  • 100

    NiuJJWangFLQinXM. Empirical study on the fitness effects of health qigong·yijinjing on medical college students. China Higher Med Educ. (2018), 48–9. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-1701.2018.12.024

  • 101

    GuoZSunJX. A review of the mechanisms of Baduanjin in improving depressive symptoms from the perspective of sports-medicine integration theory. Wushu Stud. (2026) 11:134–136,153. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1839.2026.04.037

  • 102

    XuRXXuTTZhuLJDouSDCaiGH. Effects of Baduanjin exercise on human mental health: A meta-analysis of randomized, blank-controlled trials. J Yunnan Univ Chin Med. (2025) 48:37–43. doi: 10.19288/j.cnki.issn.1000-2723.2025.03.007

  • 103

    ZhongKMaXHeFXuYRenYFuLet al. Effects of Tai Chi on mental health in college students: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Public Health. (2026) 14:1830203. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1830203

  • 104

    FengHLiYWangQTaoYWangZ. The effects of traditional Chinese exercises on anxiety and depression in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Public Health. (2025) 13:1582923. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1582923

  • 105

    WalzLCNautaMHAan Het RotM. Experience sampling and ecological momentary assessment for studying the daily lives of patients with anxiety disorders: a systematic review. J Anxiety Disord. (2014) 28:925–37. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.022

  • 106

    PangZTuDCaiY. Psychometric properties of the SAS, BAI, and S-AI in Chinese university students. Front Psychol. (2019) 10:93. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00093

  • 107

    GrahamBLSteenbruggenIMillerMRBarjaktarevicIZCooperBGHallGLet al. Standardization of spirometry 2019 update. An official American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society technical statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. (2019) 200:e70–88. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201908-1590ST

  • 108

    MoSYLiaoYZhaoSTXiongJHanTYMoQLet al. Bibliometric analysis of the clinical status and disease spectrum of Wuqinxi. Chin J Convalescent Med. (2025) 34:21–5. doi: 10.13517/j.cnki.ccm.2025.07.005

  • 109

    RossRBlairSNArenaRChurchTSDesprésJPFranklinBAet al. Importance of assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in clinical practice: A case for fitness as a clinical vital sign: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. (2016) 134:e653–99. doi: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000461

  • 110

    NuttallFQ. Body mass index: Obesity, BMI, and health: A critical review. Nutr Today. (2015) 50:117–28. doi: 10.1097/nt.0000000000000092

  • 111

    QiFSohKGNasiruddinNJMLeongOSHeSLiuH. Effect of Taichi Chuan on health-related physical fitness in adults: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med. (2023) 77:102971. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2023.102971

  • 112

    LarkeyLKJamesDBelyeaMJeongMSmithLL. Body composition outcomes of Tai Chi and Qigong practice: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Behav Med. (2018) 25:487–501. doi: 10.1007/s12529-018-9725-0

Keywords

body composition, cardiorespiratory function, college students, mental health, network meta-analysis, traditional Chinese fitness exercises

Citation

Wang N, Hong H, Dong M, Li Y, Lan L and Zheng J (2026) Network meta-analysis of the effects of traditional Chinese fitness exercises on mental health and physical benefits among college students. Front. Psychiatry 17:1921373. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1921373

Received

27 June 2026

Revised

17 September 2026

Accepted

22 September 2026

Published

09 October 2026

Volume

17 - 2026

Updates

Copyright

© 2026 Wang, Hong, Dong, Li, Lan and Zheng.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

*Correspondence: Junjian Zheng, 442576418@qq.com

†These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship

Disclaimer

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

来源:Frontiers in Psychiatry · frontiersin.org

猜你喜欢